The Relationship between Marine Sports Tourist Destinations, Social Responsibility, and Environmentally Responsible Behavior

This study investigated the structural relationship between tourist destination identification and environmental responsibility practices based on the social responsibility activities for visitors of marine sports tourist destinations where domestic travel has been active since COVID-19. Furthermore, we aimed to provide academic and practical implications by investigating the relationship between DSR, a major variable in sustainable marine sports tourism, and ERB. Data from a survey of tourists who participated in marine sports (n = 392) were analyzed using structural equation modeling and Hayes PROCESS macro with bootstrapping procedures. According to the analysis results, it was found that marine sports tourist DSR positively affected destination identification and ERB, and that tourist destination identification positively influenced ERB. Second, it was shown that the effect of the social responsibility of a marine sports tourist destination on ERB is mediated via the influence of tourist destination identification.

Structural Relationship between Ecotourism Motivation, Satisfaction, Place Attachment, and Environmentally Responsible Behavior Intention in Nature-Based Camping

This study aims to make an investigation on the relationship between ecotourism motivation (EM), satisfaction (SA), place attachment (PA), and environmentally responsible behavior intention (ER) based on the analysis of camping tourism andstudy the mediating roles of SA and PA in the relationship between EM and ER. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted on 400 camping tourists who visited the Yunnan Province of China within the last year. The distribution of survey questionnaires range from 12 February 2023–24 February 2023. The results reveal that EM positively influences SA, PA, and ER, whereas, although SA positively impacts PA, it does not significantly affect ER. In contrast, PA positively affects ER. Furthermore, PA has a positive mediating impact on the relationship between EM and ER, whereas, SA does not significantly mediate this relationship. Finally, SA and PA act as chain mediators between EM and ER. The findings contribute to the tourism literature by shedding light on the complex relationships between EM, SA, PA, and ER in the context of camping tourism, thereby, enhancing tourist satisfaction and promoting environmentally responsible behavior, thus, contributing to the growth of a sustainable camping industry.

LEISURE INVOLVEMENT AND PLACE ATTACHMENT ON SHOPPING MALL REVISIT INTENTION: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF QUALITY OF LIFE

This study investigates the impact of leisure involvement, and place attachment on revisit intention with the mediating role of quality of life. This survey was composed of 300 individuals in a shopping mall in Lahore, Pakistan. The data was analyzed through Partial Least Square – Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings indicated that leisure involvement and quality of life predict the place attachment and customers revisit intention. The results show the positive and significant relationship between leisure involvement (LI) and quality of life (QOL);leisure involvement (LI) with place attachment (PA);revisit intention (RI) and QOL with place attachment and revisit intention. The study advances in theory explaining the mediating role of quality of life in consumption in Shopping Malls and presents managerial recommendations that can be applied during and after Covid-19.

Residents' attitudes, perceptions and the development of positive tourism behaviours amid COVID -19

Local people's pro-tourism behavioural intention plays an important role in determining the sustainability and success of a tourism destination. A semi-structured questionnaire was randomly administered to residents aged 18 years and above of Botswana's two premier tourism centres (Maun and Kasane). These two exotic tourism areas were chosen in this study to ensure enrichment of the literature through sharing of lived experiences and critical decision-making by people in the face of an impending disaster (i.e. COVID-19) threatening their existence. The Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) was used to provide a better understanding in linking residents' attitudes in supporting or opposing tourism development in the face of COVID-19. Overall, majority (67.5%, p = 0.015) of the respondents indicated that they are willing to accept some inconvenience as long as they benefit from tourism industry. Also, most (84.4% (p = 0.034)) residents indicated that they were willing to welcome tourists because of the contribution tourists bring to the economy of their area. Thus, a positive attitude towards tourism development and tourists from locals will likely lead to a more positive behaviour supporting tourism in host communities. The study recommends that, of utmost importance, key stakeholders in the tourism industry including policymakers and planners should devise and implement strategies geared towards positively influencing attitudes of local communities towards tourism development. The results from this study will assist government and other tourism stakeholders as they devise mitigating strategies to sustain and guide future tourism operations following socioeconomic devastations from COVID-19 pandemic.

Towards sustainable urban communities: investigating the associations between community parks and place attachment in Master-Planned Estates in Sydney

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected our living experiences in cities and neighbourhoods. It is urgently necessary to understand more about place attachment and human-environment interactions in urban communities. Master-Planned Estate (MPE) as a sustainable residential form, provides physical and social infrastructures to build a healthy community and sustainable environment. Place attachment is one essential factor of community sustainability. However, there is a significant research gap in exploring the relationship between neighbourhood built environment and place attachment in MPEs. This study investigates the associations between community parks and place attachment in MPEs in Sydney. Using the data collected via a resident survey in two MPEs in Sydney during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021, we found that three factors of community park use are significantly and positively associated with place attachment: pedestrian accessibility to parks, pedestrian connectivity with surroundings and satisfaction with children's playground in parks. This study provides theoretical, empirical, and practical contributions to sustainable communities. It tests place attachment theory in the Australian MPE context. It provides first-hand empirical evidence to understand human-environment interactions in MPEs and adds evidence from the COVID-19 context to the literature. The findings provide practical implications for sustainable urban communities in Sydney or wider regions.

Social carrying capacity and emotion dynamics in urban national parks during the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the mobility, accessibility, and behaviors of visitors dramatically. Under the impact of COVID-19, the social carrying capacity and emotion dynamics in parks and recreation areas are expected to change due to the uncertainty of health risks associated with visitors' behaviors. This study con-ducted an on-site visitor survey at Leiqiong Global Geological Park, a national park located in urban-proximate areas in Haikou, China. This study aims to examine factors impacting visitors' perceived crowding and emotions under varying levels of visitor use in urban national parks in the context of COVID-19. Study results suggest that visitors have the highest level of motivation for scenery and culture viewing and are generally satisfied with the environmental quality and design and COVID-19 prevention strategies and implementation efforts within the park. Moreover, this study suggests that the level of crowding and COVID-19 prevention strategies and imple-mentation can affect visitors' emotions in urban natioanl parks significantly. These findings highlight the importance of enforcing the social carrying capacity limits and COVID-19 prevention strategies for urban parks and protected areas to mitigate physical and mental health risks during the COVID-19 pandemic. Management implication: This study is one of the pilot studies that examines the social carrying capacity and emotion dynamics in urban national parks under the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Study results identify the thresholds of social carrying capacity and visitors' positive emotions based on the indicator of People Per View (PPV). Moreover, COVID-19 prevention strategies (e.g., mask-wearing and social distancing) can reduce visitors' perceived crowding and enhance positive emotions. These findings suggest that urban national parks should monitor visitor use levels based on the social carrying capacity framework to reduce visitors' perceived crowding and maintain positive emotions in the post-COVID-19 era.

Mine closure in Matjhabeng in the Free State goldfields, South Africa: Implications for households

The Africa Mining Vision emphasizes the importance of mining for creating development. But it does not take into account the adverse consequences of mine closure. The literature on social aspects of mine closure is increasing but consists largely of descriptive case studies. We still do not know enough about how mine closure affects households. This paper compares longitudinal data (1998–2021) from household surveys in two low-income neighborhoods – Thabong, in Matjhabeng (the Free State Goldfields, around Welkom), and Freedom Square, in Mangaung (a non-mining area around Bloemfontein). The results for Thabong show continued deprivation, restricted mobility and social disruption because of mine decline, but also some gains because the gold mining sector performed well despite the Covid-19 lockdown. But despite the improvements, the results from Thabong still lag behind Freedom Square on most indicators. The household-level data supports other research findings and provides empirical evidence of the social effects of mine closure. © 2023 The Author(s)

How to Deal with Crisis? Place Attachment as a Factor of Resilience of Urban–Rural Communes in Poland during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The phenomenon of place attachment as a community resilience determinant requires a detailed study and, as such, is not sufficiently explored in the literature. This study analyses both resilience determinants and resilience tools in order to provide local communities with optimum courses of action and decision makers with postulates concerning local development policies. Our goal is to determine the effect of place attachment on the activity of the local community in the process of the reconstruction of a local territorial unit following a crisis (COVID-19 pandemic) situation, as well as determine the symptoms of the crisis exemplified by urban–rural communes in Poland. Empirical research was carried out with regard to all 87 urban–rural communes in Poland with their seat in a small city with district rights. The respondents in the survey included individuals in governance positions: mayor/deputy mayor/secretary. Comparative analyses were performed on the entire group by juxtaposing communes located in peripheral regions (19 units) of the Eastern Poland Macroregion and the remaining communes (68). In light of the empirical research, communes located in Eastern Poland's peripheral regions were more severely impacted by the COVID-19 crisis than ones situated elsewhere in Poland. In urban–rural communes located in peripheral regions, actions supporting the "ability to absorb” shocks are taken more frequently than those promoting "positive adaptability in anticipation of, or in response to, shocks”. Less frequent were proactive measures of innovative nature, involving "restoration and use” of the existing local resources, e.g., new methods of the use of natural resources by the households or new activities in the creative industry based on individual creativity, skills and talents. An analysis of all units reveals a generally low level of pro-resilience activities of the local communities in the communes investigated in the study except for the application of modern technologies/forms of remote communication. It was demonstrated that, in local communities with a high level of place attachment, activities aimed at building resilience are more frequent. For local governments, the results constitute proof of the importance of place attachment in building community resilience in local development policies. We should highlight the need for activities integrating urban and rural residents in urban–rural communes in order to create a shared space with which they could identify while strengthening bonds, thus raising the level of social capital. It is also necessary to look for ways to use IT, not only for communication processes, but also for managing crisis situations, in parallel with activities aimed at strengthening social capital. © 2023 by the authors.

Toxic schools? Teacher perceptions of indoor air quality and negative place attachment

The perception of indoor air quality (IAQ) in school buildings has garnered much attention. The self-reported experiences of teachers regarding the phenomenon of suffering from toxic IAQ was missing from scholarly work before the onset of the coronavirus. Toxic IAQ can be defined as the presence of toxic chemicals or compounds (including biological) in the air at levels that pose health risks and can affect a person's health, comfort, and performance (Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], 2018a).Since the onset of the pandemic, teachers are leaving the workforce in unprecedented numbers due to poor working conditions, unreasonable demands, and unrealistic expectations (Steiner & Woo, 2021). Addressing teacher retention is critical to stymie continuing teacher shortages and the adverse impact on students. This sequential mixed-methods study confronts the gap between place theory, specifically the negative emotional person-place bond, and perceived IAQ in public school buildings. Little research has been presented on the role the physical workplace has on teacher well-being and whether psychosociological environmental relationships can predict place attachment outcomes. The question of how teacher perceptions of IAQ relate to negative place attachment was explored using survey research of 242 educators in four public school districts in the Midwest. Survey data was collected April-May of 2021, with 13 follow-up purposive interviews, with the criteria of teachers' presenting negative place attachment feelings, during August 2021. The research revealed the more teachers realize their health concerns about toxic IAQ in their workplace, the more negative place attachment they feel. This involves the process of grieving, and feeling frustrated, angry, exhausted, and confused, like separation and divorce. When a teacher has crossed a threshold of divorced feelings toward the school building, they make choices: to stay employed, assigned to their building, feeling negative place attachment, ask to be reassigned, or leave. The two significant predictors of negative place attachment revealed through stepwise linear regression, were physical "healthy building" attributes and health concerns about the IEQ/IAQ in the school environment. Teachers' perceptions of aged buildings as being unhealthy, including the inoperability of classroom windows, aged carpet, and lack of ventilation were better understood by understanding what it means to occupy a workplace teachers perceive to have toxic IAQ. Employees with health conditions experienced feelings of being misunderstood, not taken seriously, and additionally faced a host of complicated social interactions with their administrators, co-workers, and family because of health ailments they attributed to their workplace. The study resulted in the creation of two new theoretic models: a revisiting of Tripartite Model of Place Attachment to include place detachment, the threshold crossed in absentia of any place attachment feelings, and an epidemiological model for addressing indoor air quality in schools and suggested interventions for practice. While these models help to develop methods, redress, and identification for negative place attachment due to indoor air quality, it was not possible to identify a consistent predictor of negative place attachment. This suggests that the themes identified in the interview process alongside a predictor model can help identify schools where intervention is essential. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Place and Metaterritory as space of relationships

The Sars-Cov-2 pandemic is challenging paradigms that have so far informed the theoretical and the defining apparatuses of the concept of territory. Therefore, the disciplinary statutes on which they relied are showing their inadequacy, so much so that reinterpretations and recodifications are needed. In order to provide a semantically sharper definition to what is being experienced in living today, this article is attempting to circumscribe this concept in its "identity” dimension, through which communities are coping with the biophysical and built environment in relation to local and global challenges. In the strand of concept papers and hypothesis-building studies, this contribution does not purport to provide answers. It is aiming to pinpoint a new research-field for regional studies, circumscribing either a research agenda, or the level of an ion to which a spatial sociology (Mela, 2006;Mela, 2020) may hopefully confer its answers. In this perspective, this article attempts to reframe the concept of territory, as an experience of space-time processuality and it will introduce that of metaterritory, as a space for collaborative relationships. Copyright © FrancoAngeli.

Identifying the effects of COVID-19 on visitor place attachment of state parks in Arkansas

During the COVID-19 pandemic, recreation sites around the country experienced a rise in visitation numbers as residents looked for alternatives to staying home. The researchers hypothesized that the social and cultural changes associated with the pandemic have increased the level of visitor place attachment towards these sites. This research works to identify the level of connection guests have towards Arkansas State Parks (ASP) during COVID-19. Results from this study have shown that attachment towards ASP has grown throughout the pandemic and has increased the likelihood that these visitors will return to the site in the future. © 2023 World Leisure Organization.

Togetherness and (work)Place: Insights from Workers and Managers during Australian COVID-Induced Lockdowns

(1) Background: Pandemic-imposed lockdowns have heightened our awareness of the value of (work)place and made apparent the role it plays in establishing our sense of belonging and professional identity. The opportunity to work remotely during the pandemic has given us an appreciation of the benefits from access to increased flexibility, but there is consistent evidence emerging showing how much workers miss in-office social and learning interactions. This paper focuses on results about (i) reported perceived effectiveness and performance, (ii) sense of adjustment to remote working, and (iii) sense of belonging during the first two COVID-19-induced lockdowns, as reported by managers and workers in Australia in 2020. Findings shed light onto (i) how remote working experience affected our connection to, and the importance of, (work)place and (ii) how to harness insights towards creating spaces responsive to the activities we prefer to undertake in the workplace, permitting employees to choose the workstyle and pattern that suits their professional role and personal circumstances. (2) Methods: Correlational and thematic analyses were conducted on findings from 1579 online surveys focusing on remote working experiences during the first and second rounds of COVID-19-imposed lockdowns. A total of 668 managers and 911 workers from 12 different industry sectors participated in two rounds of the Bates Smart remote work survey (BSRWS). Surveys targeted knowledge workers of all career stages, age, and experience. (3) Results: Employees felt (i) technologically supported and productive whilst working from home, but (ii) aspects of connection, collaboration, and sense of belonging suffered;(iii) collaboration and togetherness are main motivators for returning to the office. Managers' experiences were significantly different with (i) perceived productivity, collaboration, knowledge sharing, sense of belonging, and performance dropping;(ii) face-to-face interaction and business development were key priorities for returning to the office with (iii) challenges of mentoring and managing emotional wellbeing of teams evident. (4) Conclusions: From these surveys we conclude space is an enabler of organisational culture and professional identity, playing a critical role in establishing psychologically safe and equitable workplaces. This paper reports snapshot data showing knowledge workers' experiences and effects of WFH under strict lockdown circumstances on wellbeing, productivity, and culture over time. It proposes two lenses (togetherness and place), through which the future workplace should be considered by industry and researchers alike. © 2022 by the authors.

The disappearance of Bangkok's Artbox: examining the challenges of sustaining a mobile night market during the COVID-19 pandemic

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the reasons for the shutdown of a mobile night market during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lack of tourists was obviously one of the causes but social reasons must also exist. The study investigates territoriality, collectivization and human relations in urban social spaces which are essential for the sustainability of a market than solely short-term profit and unconnected customers. Design/methodology/approach: In this study qualitative methods are used, including reviewing contents, semi-structured interviews with vendors and customers, and informant interviews. Findings: Drawing from urban space theories, this paper argues that trendy markets catering for diverse market segments sustain their business. Once the market has shifted away from local Thai customers to main tourists, it loses its base and becomes vulnerable in territoriality negotiation. Practical implications: The findings and model provide practice information for local authorities, town planners and night market operators in the design of open-air marketplaces. Such knowledge pinpoints the importance of connecting place and people in order to sustain a business. Originality/value: Studies on mobile marketplaces are rare. The findings address the "detaching” process and consequence from the perspective of place attachment. Peer review: The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-04-2021-0218. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.

The nature of a pandemic: Testing the relationship between access to nature, nature relatedness, wellbeing and belonging in nature using polynomial regression with response surface analysis

Past research has found that spending time in nature fosters increased wellbeing across both physical and mental health (Brymer et al., 2014;Hartig et al., 2011), and many theories suggest that participation in nature is something that carries similar benefits for all people (Kaplan & Kaplan, 1989). During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of outdoor recreation and leisure increased significantly given that it offered a space for interaction, community, and enjoyment with decreased risk of transmission. Amidst COVID-19, nature offers wellbeing that could help individuals cope with the added anxiety, isolation and uncertainty amongst the pandemic. However, it is likely that not all individuals had similar access to this benefit, but little research has explored if this is the case. This study examines wellbeing outcomes and one's sense of belonging to a natural place as they relate to one's nature relatedness and access to nature. We hypothesized that the highest wellbeing benefit would be associated with those who had both high access to nature and high nature relatedness scores, and lowest for those without access to nature. Survey data from 558 participants was used to test these hypotheses. We implemented two polynomial regressions with response surface analysis to examine the congruent and discrepant effects of nature relatedness and access to nature on both wellbeing and belonging in nature. Findings suggest that those with the most access to nature and higher nature relatedness experience higher rates of wellbeing and a stronger sense of belonging to natural spaces. © 2022

Perceived social impacts of tourism and quality-of-life: a new conceptual model

Residents' overall well-being and quality-of-life require a deeper understanding of their perceived social impacts of tourism to determine appropriate management strategies to promote behaviours in support of tourism development. Aligning with the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development, this paper proposes a new framework for residents' quality-of-life. Bringing together multi-disciplinary evidence from environmental, social and cognitive psychology, political science and tourism, this study critically examines how residents' perceived social impacts of tourism and their interpersonal trust can make them become more place attached and protect their tourism resources. The framework proposes that residents' perceived social impacts of tourism exerts a direct influence on residents' interpersonal trust. It further posits that residents' perceived social impacts of tourism and their interpersonal trust exert a direct influence on residents' place attachment. The proposed model further considers place attachment to exert a direct influence on residents' pro-social and pro-environmental behavioural intentions. Pro-social behaviour is proposed to influence pro-environmental behaviour. Further pro-social and pro-environmental behaviours are proposed to influence residents' support for tourism development. The framework then considers residents' support for tourism development to exert a direct influence on residents' overall quality-of-life. The theoretical contributions, practical implications for sustainable community tourism and sustainable tourism in general and the limitations of the study are discussed. [ FROM AUTHOR]

Place Attachment and Destination Loyalty of Religious Tourists in Chiang Mai, Thailand: Examining the Role of Emotional Solidarity and Risk Perception

Chiang Mai is the most popular destination in Thailand for religious tourism. Religious tourism refers to contemporary travel to religion-themed tourist destinations for religious and/or recreational purposes. The growth of religious tourism is inextricably linked with the worldwide increase in spiritual searching by individuals of all ages, cultures, and religions. Religious destinations are places of development, commitment, and vitality;however, they often attract attention owing to their emotional significance. This research performs partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) as a quantitative method to investigate the destination loyalty of tourists through their emotional connection with a place, emotional solidarity with the locals, and risk perception. Data was collected from 543 Thai tourists who have visited temples in Chiang Mai. Results indicate that place attachment has a direct influence on tourists' emotional solidarity. In addition, the emotional solidarity of the tourists with the locals is a significant predictor of their destination loyalty. Furthermore, this research finds that the emotional solidarity of the tourists mediates the relationship between their place attachment and destination loyalty. Moreover, the risk perception of the tourists during the COVID-19 pandemic suggests that the moderating effect of their emotional solidarity and destination loyalty is insignificant. Finally, the implications of the findings recommend that religious destinations should organize local religious events and promote them to tourists. Establishing a sense of solidarity among tourists, religious destinations, and nearby communities, would strengthen destination loyalty among tourists. © 2022, Thammasat University. All rights reserved.

Factors affecting the intentions of youngsters in switching to a virtual third place amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: the place attachment and push-pull mooring theory

Purpose>This study aims to propose a theoretical model to investigate factors affecting the intentions of youngsters in switching to a virtual third place during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approach>This study obtained 221 responses from Indonesian youngsters, which was used to validate the proposed model using structural equation modeling analysis.Findings>The direct effect indicated that perceived behavior and social distance attitude were the most significant predictors of intention followed by boredom and place attachment (PA), and the indirect effect of loneliness and social presence. In addition, moderating impact contributed significantly by providing profound knowledge toward the result.Originality/value>The combination of PA and personal traits based on the push–pull–mooring framework relating to the virtual third place adoption during the COVID-19 pandemic offered a comprehensive model that has not been explored extensively by previous studies.

The nature of a pandemic: Testing the relationship between access to nature, nature relatedness, wellbeing and belonging in nature using polynomial regression with response surface analysis

Past research has found that spending time in nature fosters increased wellbeing across both physical and mental health (Brymer et al., 2014;Hartig et al., 2011), and many theories suggest that participation in nature is something that carries similar benefits for all people (Jordan, 2015;Kaplan & Kaplan, 1989;Ulrich, 1983). During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of outdoor recreation and leisure increased significantly given that it offered a space for interaction, community, and enjoyment with decreased risk of transmission. Amidst COVID-19, nature offers wellbeing that could help individuals cope with the added anxiety, isolation and uncertainty amongst the pandemic. However, it is likely that not all individuals had similar access to this benefit, but little research has explored if this is the case. This study examines wellbeing outcomes and one's sense of belonging to a natural place as they relate to one's nature relatedness and access to nature. We hypothesized that the highest wellbeing benefit would be associated with those who had both high access to nature and high nature relatedness scores, and lowest for those without access to nature. Survey data from 558 participants was used to test these hypotheses. We implemented two polynomial regressions with response surface analysis to examine the congruent and discrepant effects of nature relatedness and access to nature on both wellbeing and belonging in nature. Findings suggest that those with the most access to nature and higher nature relatedness experience higher rates of wellbeing and a stronger sense of belonging to natural spaces.

Determinants and mechanisms driving energy-saving behaviours of long-stay hotel guests: Comparison of leisure, business and extended-stay residential cases

The global hospitality industry is fast-turning sustainable and environmentally friendly. Behaviour-driven energy conservation is an emerging green hotel operation strategy to support this change. The long-stay accommodation services have gained momentum in the hospitality sector since the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the characteristics of long-stay hotel guests are often overlooked in sustainable interventions. Based on an empirical survey in China, this study aims to explore the factors driving energy-saving behaviours of long-stay hotel guests and to compare their effects on guests for different visiting purposes (leisure, business, and extended-stay resident). The analysis indicates that attitude, personal norm and place attachment present a direct contribution to energy-saving behaviour. Besides, the results support that attitude and personal norm connect environmental values and energy-saving behaviour. Both altruistic and biospheric values have positive effects, while egoistic values seem to play a negative role. Biospheric values have stronger impact on attitude and personal norm of business guests. Place attachment has a stronger influence on extended-stay residents while its contribution to energy-saving behaviours of business guests is smaller than other guests. Besides, leisure guests are more sensitive to moral obligations. This research sheds novel lights on the psychological perspectives of the observed heterogeneity of energy-saving behaviours of hotel guests with different visiting purposes. The findings provide hotel operators with a novel theoretical reference for targeted energy-saving interventions to promote energy-saving actions of long-term hotel guests. The study, therefore, can contribute to sustainable tourism policymaking and behaviour-driven hotel energy management.

PLACE ATTACHMENT, HOST TOURISTS’ INTERACTION AND RESIDENT WELCOMING ATTITUDE: A POST COVID-19 ASSESSMENT TOWARDS TOURISM RECOVERY IN LANGKAWI, MALAYSIA

The most recent COVID-19 pandemic has posed a risk to the world economy that has never been seen before. Therefore, the welcoming attitude of the residents in tourist destinations has become a concern for post-COVID-19 tourism recovery. There seem to be many issues concerning the interactions of hosts and tourists as Covid-19 fear exists. Thus, this study aims to examine the role of place attachment and host tourists' attractions on the welcoming attitude of the residents in Langkawi, Malaysia. The researchers conducted a quantitative method and cross-sectional approach in this study. Researchers distributed 600 questionnaires to the respondents in Langkawi, Malaysia, and 461 usable questionnaires were returned and proceeded for further analysis. This study used structural equation modelling to use Smart PLS version 3 software. In structural equation modelling, the measurement and structural model of the study were reported. The study found that place attachment and host tourists interaction play a significant role in maximizing residents' welcoming attitude. The practitioners and academicians will be benefited from the outcome study while exploring tourism recovery strategies and post-Covid tourist arrival. © 2022 Editura Universitatii din Oradea. All rights reserved.